陳柳兵
50年前的今天，中美《上海公報》發表。作為中美第一個聯合公報，《上海公報》開啓了中美關係正常化的大門。
在尼克松訪華期間，她曾擔任毛主席和周總理的翻譯，親歷了「破冰之行」的種種不易。除此之外，她作為領導人的翻譯，參與了中國對外交往中許多重要時刻，包括廣為人知的「乒乓外交」，擁有豐富的外交一線經驗；她還曾經擔任中國日報的副總編輯，對於媒體在中美關係中的作用深有體會。
她就是富有傳奇色彩的唐聞生女士。近日，中國日報「新時代斯諾工作室」推出特別節目：美籍記者聶子瑞（Erik Nilsson）對話中國僑聯顧問、中國日報前副總編輯唐聞生。
China Daily reporter Erik Nilsson held a dialogue with Tang Wensheng, interpreter for Chairman Mao Zedong and Premier Zhou Enlai during Nixon’s visit and the previous visits of Henry Kissinger. Tang is adviser to All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese, and former deputy editor-in-chief of China Daily.
當年的「破冰之行」有哪些鮮為人知的故事？唐聞生女士印象最深的是什麼？在外交一線工作多年，她曾經歷過哪些意想不到的瞬間？
What are some lesser-known stories from this groundbreaking trip? What are some of her most striking memories of the visits? What unexpected moments did she share?
秘密訪華前一晚，基辛格失眠了
唐聞生女士在對話中回憶了當年基辛格秘密訪華的故事。基辛格作為尼克松總統特使，於1971年7月9日至11日秘密前往北京，來商量尼克松訪華一事。
Dr. Henry Kissinger, who was National Security Advisor, came secretly to Beijing from July 9 to 11 in 1971 as Nixon’s emissary to discuss the president’s visit.
當時，基辛格在公開宣佈的越南、泰國、印度和巴基斯坦四國之行的最後一站，假裝胃疼並以此為由暫離公務。7月9日凌晨，當人們都認為他在「閉門休養」時，基辛格在伊斯蘭堡的一個機場登上了飛往中國的飛機，悄悄來了中國。
雖然基辛格在中國只能停留48小時，但訪問期間中美雙方進行了多次會談，非常坦率地闡述了各自對國際問題和雙邊問題的看法。
During that visit, the two sides had many talks. Kissinger only had 48 hours. He had feigned a stomachache in Pakistan, and secretly come to China for only two days.
唐聞生說：「後來我讀到基辛格寫的回憶錄《白宮歲月》，裡面有一部分很有趣。他提到，在他任職期間，唯一一次失眠，是在離開巴基斯坦的前一天晚上。他們大概在凌晨3點左右離開，所以他沒有太多時間睡覺，但他輾轉反側不能入寐。他說，他極力想象將會遇到什麼情況，開始感到有些沒把握了。要到一個從未去過的首都去執行如此重要的任務，而且又與國內完全切斷了聯繫。」
“I read, very interestingly, later on in White House Years, which Kissinger wrote at his memoirs.
And he said the only time in office he had difficulty sleeping was the evening before he left Pakistan. They left at about 3 o’clock in the morning, something like that. So he didn’t have much time to sleep, but he had difficulty sleeping. He said he tried to image what laid ahead and he had a feeling of insecurity about so momentous a mission in an unknown capital, where he would be cut off from all communication.”
為更多地進行交流，毛主席學習英語
作為毛主席和周總理的翻譯，唐聞生參加了與來訪各國政要、知名人士的大量會見，見證了中國外交史上很多重要時刻。其中，讓她出乎意料的事情之一，是毛主席在一次會見埃德加·斯諾時所展現出來的英語水平。
唐聞生說，毛主席不怎麼講英語，有時會用英語說「你好」和「請坐」，諸如此類。之前，他曾要求外交部的翻譯人員給他提供一些中英文短句，或者中英文對照的單詞。
1971年，毛主席會見埃德加·斯諾時，唐聞生擔任翻譯。她回憶起當時的場景說，他們結束談話時，站了起來。毛主席把斯諾送到門口，但走到半途時，他們停下來又說了幾句話。主席對斯諾說，無論發生什麼變化，我們的關係都是這樣的，然後他用了一個英語單詞：standing。
But halfway between the seats and the door, they stopped and had a few more words. And the chairman said, no matter the changes, our relationship remains like this. And he said in English, “standing”.
唐聞生說：「我很吃驚，因為他的意思是雙方的關係是持久的（standing），而他們也的確正站在那裡。我不清楚他怎麼知道standing這個詞不僅意味著他們站在那裡，同時還表示雙方有持久關係這一層意思。這真的讓我大吃一驚，我想這也表明他正在學習英語，以便與更多的人交談。」
“I was rather taken aback because he meant they had a standing relationship, and they were indeed standing there. But I didn’t know how he knew that the word ‘standing’ not only meant that they were standing there, but that there was a kind of relationship, standing relationship. That really took me aback. I thought that was also a sign he was learning English to converse with more people.”
「周總理，您對嬉皮士運動怎麼看？」
「乒乓外交」是中美關係中的又一著名篇章。美國運動員來華時，唐聞生女士作為翻譯也參與其中，其中一件令人出乎意料的小插曲令她記憶猶新。
“Ping-pong diplomacy” is another very famous chapter in the background of China-US relations, and Ms Tang engaged the US players when they came to China.
唐聞生女士說，在這樣的會見中，通常是由代表團團長和總理進行對話。但是當時，美國乒乓代表團的一員、年輕的嬉皮士格倫·科恩突然站起來，問了總理一個問題：您對嬉皮士運動怎麼看？
Generally, during such meetings, it was the head of the delegation that had a conversation with the premier, which was so at the beginning. But suddenly, a young hippie, Glen Cowen, who was a member of the American ping-pong delegation just stood up, and asked the Premier a question: What do you think of the hippie movement?
這對周總理和當時作為翻譯的唐聞生都出乎意料。但周總理非常耐心地回答了這個問題。唐聞生說：「在我看來，他就像一位父親或者祖父對年輕人語重心長地講話。他不僅談了對嬉皮士運動的看法，更討論了年輕人如何成長。」
「But he answered very patiently. To my mind, he sounded like a father or grandfather talking to a young man about his thoughts on not exactly the hippie movement, but on how young people grow up.」
周總理說，當今世界青年對現狀有些不滿，想尋求真理。青年人思想波動會表現為各種形式，但各種表現形式不一定都是成熟的或固定的。按照人類發展來看，一個普遍真理最後總要被人們認識的，和自然界的規律一樣。他說，我們贊成任何青年人都要有這種探求的要求，這是好事。要通過自己的實踐，去認識什麼是正確的事情，以及如何去做。
Premier Zhou said, “In today’s world, many young people are not satisfied with the status quo, and they want to seek out the truth. The vicissitudes in thinking of young people will have many different manifestations, and not all of these manifestations, not all of the forms of them are mature or consolidated.”
“He said, when you look at it from the point of view of the development, of the progress, of the human race, you can see that a universal truth finally will be realized or will be understood by people, just as the laws of nature.”
And he said we agree that young people have the urge to seek out the truth and to adventure and make discoveries. That’s a good thing, and they will have to through their own practice, achieve cognition of what is the right thing to do, or how it should be done.
而且，周總理語重心長地說：「但有一點，總要找到大多數人的共性，這就可以使人類的大多數得到發展，得到進步，得到幸福。」
“But there’s one point that is you must find something in common with the majority of people, the majority of humanity can make progress, can develop itself, and can find happiness.”
唐聞生在中國日報的對話節目中說：「總理的回答很有哲理。後來我聽說，科恩的母親專門謝謝總理對她兒子講這番話。最後，總理請美國客人回去後，把中國人民的問候轉達給美國人民。這是這次訪問最重要的亮點之一。」
“So it was very philosophical. And I heard later on that Cowen’s mother, by some means, sent her appreciation to the premier for talking to her son in that way. And at the end, the premier asked his American guests to convey the greetings of the Chinese people to the American people when they got back. And so that I think is one of the most significant highlights of the visit.”
《上海公報》是中美關係史上的里程碑
談到50年前發表的《上海公報》，唐聞生女士說，《上海公報》是中美關係史上的里程碑，為兩國關係多年來的發展奠定了基礎；即使在半個世紀之後，它仍然不斷地提醒著人們，中美關係的基礎是什麼，以及如何使看似不可能的事情變為可能。
The Shanghai Communique was a milestone in the history of China-US relations. And it set the groundwork for the development of relations over the years.
Even after half a century, it still stands out as a constant reminder of what the basic foundation of these relations is, and how it is possible to make the seemingly impossible become possible.
見證和親歷了中美關係幾十年的變化，唐聞生在對話中經典總結：「歷史會有起伏，但最終是向前發展。我們要做的就是為更好的未來而努力，因為這符合我們所有人的利益。」
“History will have its ups and downs. But eventually, it always goes forward. We just have to work for the better because that is in the interest of us all.”
原載《中國日報》